Convergence de mesures spectrales aléatoires et applications à des principes d'invariance

Nous présentons un cadre unificateur pour un certain nombre de résultats connus de convergence en loi pour des processus admettant une représentation linéaire par rapport à un bruit blanc faible pour lequel il existe un principe dinvariance faible. Nous montrons que ce principe dinvariance est équivalent à la convergence dune suite de mesures aléatoires spectrales. Ceci permet daffaiblir les hypothèses usuelles et donc dobtenir des résultats nouveaux de convergence en loi, notamment pour des processus à longue portée.     

二氧化碳存在下甲烷氧化细菌催化甲烷生物合成甲醇

 在甲烷单加氧酶和脱氢酶系的作用下,甲烷氧化细菌Methylosinus trichosporium IMV 3011可以把甲烷氧化成二氧化碳. 在反应体系中充入一定比例的二氧化碳后,检测到了甲醇的积累. 混合气中CO2,CH4,O2和N2的体积比为2∶1∶1∶1时甲醇的积累量达到最大. 在超滤膜反应器中进行了连续反应,利用反应混合气产生的压力将生成的甲醇从反应体系中分离. 连续反应198 h后甲醇的积累量没有明显下降.     

Microbial photodegradation of aminoarenes metabolism of 2-amino-4-nitrophenol byRhodobacter capsulatus

The phototrophic bacteriumRhodobacter capsulatus photoreduces 2,4-dinitrophenol to 2-amino-4-nitrophenol, which is further metabolized by an aerobic pathway that is also light-dependent. The catabolism of 2-amino-4-nitrophenol requires O₂ and the presence of alternative carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sources, preferably acetate and ammonium.Rhodobacter capsulatus B10, a bacterium unable to assimilate nitrate, releases negligible amounts of nitrite when growing with 2-amino4-nitrophenol, thus suggesting that an oxygenase, nitrite-producing activity is not involved in the metabolization of the compound. The diazotrophic growth ofR. capsulatus increases in the presence of 2-amino4-nitrophenol, but growth with ammonium is clearly inhibited by the compound. Mutant strains ofR. capsulatus B10, which are affected innifHDK, nifR1, ornifR4 genes, unable to fix dinitrogen, do not grow with 2-amino-4-nitrophenol as the sole N source. This indicates that the compound cannot be used as a N source. Thenif mutants degrade 2-amino4-nitrophenol to the same extent as the wild-type in the presence of ammonium. The compound is not used as a C source by the bacterium, either. Aromatic stable intermediates, such as 2,4-diaminophenol or 4-nitrocatechol, are not detectable in microaerobic cultures ofR. capsulatus growing with 2,4-dinitrophenol or 2-amino-4-nitrophenol.     

An Improved Preparation of D‐Glyceraldehyde 3‐Phosphate and Its Use in the Synthesis of 1‐Deoxy‐D‐xylulose 5‐Phosphate

D ‐Glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate (=D ‐GAP; 2 ) was prepared by an improved chemical method (Scheme 2), and it was then employed to synthesize 1‐deoxy‐D ‐xylulose 5‐phosphate (=DXP; 3 ) which is enzymatically one of the key intermediates in the MEP ( 4 ) terpenoid biosynthetic pathway (Scheme 1). The recombinant DXP synthase of Rhodobacter capsulatus was used to catalyze the condensation of D ‐glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate ( 2 ) and pyruvate (=2‐oxopropanoate; 1 ) to produce the sugar phosphate 3 (Scheme 2). The simple two‐step chemoenzymatic route described affords DXP ( 3 ) with more than 70% overall yield and higher than 95% purity. The procedure may also be used for the synthesis of isotope‐labeled DXP ( 3 ) by using isotope‐labeled pyruvate.     

Effect of temperature and pressure on growth and methane utilization by several methanotrophic cultures

Several methanotrophic microorganisms, i.e.,Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath),Methylomonas albus (BG-8),Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, andMethylocystis parvus (OBBP), were evaluated for growth and methane utilization. The effect of temperature was examined in the range of 25 to 45°C for growth and methane utilization. The temperature variations (25–35°C) had minimal effect on growth ofM. albus and M. parvus. Methane consumption varied at different temperatures with a maximum of 0.67 mol%/h and 0.53 mol%/h. at 30 and 35°C, respectively, forM. albus and M. parvus. The growth and methane consumption was slower forM. trichosporium OB3b as a maximum methane consumption of 0.07 mol%/h was obtained at 25°C and growth was inhibited at 35°C.M. capsulatus grew the best at 37°C and growth was affected at higher temperature of 45°C. Of the different cultures examined,M. albus andM. capsulatus grew the best and were further evaluated for the effect of pressure in the range of 10–50 psi. The results obtained usingM. albus demonstrated an enhancement in methane consumption rate by fourfold and final cell concentration by 40% at a pressure of 20 psi by injecting a methane/oxygen mixture, however further increase in the pressure up to 50 psi inhibited the growth. The inhibition was not seen with nitrogen incorporated mixture of oxygen and methane, which suggest that the high partial pressure of methane and/or oxygen are inhibitory for the growth ofM. albus. M. capsulatus was more sensitive to pressure as evidenced by inhibition at the relatively low pressure of 10 psi     

大肠杆菌异源表达pMMO活性中心pmoB及生物催化研究

颗粒甲烷单加氧酶（pMMO）是甲烷氧化菌中催化甲烷氧化生成甲醇的一种酶．Methylococcus capsulatus IMV 3021的pMMO活性位点是pmoB亚基,该亚基是一种可溶性蛋白．我们研究将pmoB亚基进行异源表达及生物催化活性的验证．当培养基中烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）浓度为5 mmol／L时,可以观察到异源表达pmoB亚基具有催化甲烷氧化成甲醇活性,生成甲醇浓度为1．04 mmol／L．研究pMMO活性对于开发能直接将甲烷转化成甲醇的新型、环保催化剂有非常重要意义．     

甲基弯菌IMV 3011整细胞催化甲烷氧化合成甲醇的研究

研究了在甲基弯菌（Methylosimus trichosporium)IMV 3011整细胞催化甲烷制甲醇的反应过程中，菌体浓度、阻断剂乙二胺四乙酸（ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,简称EDTA）浓度、外源性电子给体、混合气组分及压力与甲醇积累的关系。批式反应的实验结果表明，在菌体浓度为7.4mg/mL时，以2mmol/L EDTA作阻断剂效果最好；作为电子给体，甲酸钠（20mmol/L)的效果优于琥珀酸钠（40mmol/L)，使用前者时的甲醇积累量是用后者时的2.8倍左右；当甲烷与空气的体积比为1：1.7时，转化率为6.0%，甲醇积累量最大；压力选用0.16MPa。连续反应中，于培养基中无铜离子培养的细胞与有铜离子的相比，持续时间长，甲醇积累高（最大产量达374μmol),前者是后者的2倍。